{"id":568,"date":"2026-08-20T10:08:26","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T10:08:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/?p=568"},"modified":"2026-08-20T10:08:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T10:08:28","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-gnss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/what-is-gnss\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GNSS\u061f \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (GNSS) <\/a>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062b \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u201cGPS\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GNSS \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GNSS \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (GPS) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (GNSS) \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GLONASS \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 Galileo \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 BeiDou \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 NavIC \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 QZSS \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
GPS<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>~24+ MEO<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/td><\/tr>
\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/td>\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/td>~24 MEO<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/td><\/tr>
\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/td>~24 MEO<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0648 (BDS)<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30 MEO + GEO<\/td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 GNSS \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (GPS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (ICAO). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 31 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (MEO) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 20,200 \u0643\u0645. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 GPS \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 IIF \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 III) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: L1 C\/A\u060c \u0648L2C\u060c \u0648L5\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 L5 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0650 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (SPS) (\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b ~4 \u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b ~8 \u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0629 95%) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u00bb (SA)\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0633) \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 24 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a (MEO) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 19,100 \u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 64.8\u00b0. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633\u00bb \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0648\u0642 60\u00b0 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u00ab\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0625\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u00bb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 (CDMA)\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633\u00bb\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (FDMA)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a L1 \u0648 L2 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u062b \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 FDMA \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633\u00bb (GLONASS) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0625\u0633\u00bb (GPS)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u00bb \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a (\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 24 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FOC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (MEO) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 23,222 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 (HAS)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 E6\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 20 \u0633\u0645 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 HAS)\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 E1 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 L1 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646 E5a \u0648E5b \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 AltBOC \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0648\u00bb (BDS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0634\u063a\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (BDS) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u2014\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 24 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (MEO) (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 ~21,500 \u0643\u0645)\u060c \u06483 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 (IGSO)\u060c \u06483 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a (GEO)\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 BDS \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/strong>\u00a0(70\u00b0 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u2013 140\u00b0 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c 5\u00b0 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u2013 55\u00b0 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 12\u201316 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 6 \u064810 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 2.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c 95%). \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (GEO) \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u2014 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 GNSS \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u2014 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1,000 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00abBDS\u00bb \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u00abGPS\u00bb \u0648\u00abGalileo\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00abBDS\u00bb (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.5\u20134 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00abGPS\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00abGPS\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (GPS) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 L1 C\/A \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062b\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 (UTC) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 HAS \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0648\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GNSS\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GPS \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GNSS \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a (PNT)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0644\u064a\u062b. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 (PNT) \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (GNSS) \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (GNSS) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2212130 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/a>. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PNT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 GNSS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 L5\/E5\/B2 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a CRPA<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a GNSS<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 GPS \u0648GLONASS \u0648Galileo<\/a> \u00b7 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a GNSS<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GNSS (\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 GPS \u0648GLONASS \u0648Galileo \u0648BeiDou \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a PNT (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":586,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[43,46,56,47],"class_list":["post-568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gnss-technology","tag-gnss","tag-gps","tag-guides","tag-satellite-navigation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=568"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":587,"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568\/revisions\/587"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navshieldglobal.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}